Searched in the sources read for this figure and not found. A limit of the reading rather than a claim about the figure — a source not yet read could settle it.
THE POSITION
Affirms that grace is unmerited and that works validate rather than cause salvation, but never states a position on the technical question — no statement on imputation, on the active obedience of Christ, or on forensic versus transformative justification as a choice between them.
WHAT OTHERS HOLD HERE
Forensic — righteousness imputed, not infusedJACOBUS ARMINIUS · CALVIN · JONATHAN EDWARDS · THE CHURCH OF ELEVEN22 STATEMENT OF FAITH · BILLY GRAHAM · JOSH HOWERTON · TIM KELLER · SECOND LONDON BAPTIST CONFESSION · LUTHER · JOHN MACARTHUR · PHILIP MELANCHTHON · GAVIN ORTLUND · JOHN OWEN · JUSTIN PETERS · JOHN PIPER · R.C. SPROUL · CHARLES HADDON SPURGEON · WESLEY · WESTMINSTER CONFESSION · GEORGE WHITEFIELD · ZWINGLI
Includes being made righteous, not only declaredAUGUSTINE · CHRYSOSTOM
By infused grace, mediated sacramentallyAQUINAS · WILLIAM OF OCKHAM · JOHN DUNS SCOTUS
Old Testament and Semitic languages scholar (PhD, Wisconsin, 2004), Scholar-in-Residence at Faithlife/Logos, and host of the Naked Bible Podcast. Argued that the Hebrew Bible assumes a real divine council of lesser elohim under Yahweh, and held that this reading defends rather than threatens the deity of Christ.
"Michael S. Heiser on Justification", Examined Doctrine, July 2026 edition, https://examineddoctrine.com/position/heiser/justification (archived at https://examineddoctrine.com/editions/2026-07/position/heiser/justification).