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Examined Doctrine

Council of Nicaea I on the Lord's Supper

325 · ECUMENICAL COUNCIL · DOCUMENT, NOT A PERSON
READ IN A PRIMARY SOURCEQUESTION NOT FRAMED
NO STANCE — AND WHY

The question is not framed in these terms

This locus asks in categories that came later. Assigning a stance would answer on the figure's behalf, so the summary records what was addressed instead.

neither canon nor custom permits that they who have no right to offer should give the Body of Christ to them that do offer.
Canon XVIII of Nicaea (NPNF2-14) ↗

THE POSITION

The council never defines the Supper, and the question this locus asks — in what sense Christ is present in the bread and wine — is not one it poses. This is the third kind of blank: never framed in these terms, not unsearched. The canons were read in full and what they hold is incidental and disciplinary. Canon 18 regulates who may hand the element to whom, calling it "the Body of Christ" in passing and treating the rite as an offering; Canon 13 forbids withholding communion from the dying and calls it the last and most indispensable Viaticum. Both presuppose a usage; neither states a doctrine, and this corpus does not enter a council as a witness on a question it did not take up.

WHAT OTHERS HOLD HERE

The elements become Christ's body and bloodAQUINAS
True bodily presence in, with, and under the elementsLUTHER · PHILIP MELANCHTHON
Real but spiritual presence, received by faithAUGUSTINE · CALVIN · JONATHAN EDWARDS · TIM KELLER · SECOND LONDON BAPTIST CONFESSION · JOHN OWEN · R.C. SPROUL · WESLEY · WESTMINSTER CONFESSION
A memorial and sign; no presence in the elementsM. HEISER · JOHN MACARTHUR · ZWINGLI
Truly the body and blood, with no account of the modeBASIL THE GREAT · CHRYSOSTOM · IRENAEUS
See all 23 figures on the lord's supper →

ABOUT THIS FIGURE

Settled that the Son is homoousios — of one substance — with the Father, against Arius. Also fixed a common date for Easter and issued 20 disciplinary canons.

5 OF 5 POSITIONS QUOTED
Everything Nicaea I holds →
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"Council of Nicaea I on the Lord's Supper", Examined Doctrine, July 2026 edition, https://examineddoctrine.com/position/nicaea-1/lords-supper (archived at https://examineddoctrine.com/editions/2026-07/position/nicaea-1/lords-supper).

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