PASSAGE · BSB

Hebrews 1

7 positions in the corpus lean on this chapter. Cited verses are marked.

1On many past occasions and in many different ways, God spoke to our fathers through the prophets.

2But in these last days He has spoken to us by His Son, whom He appointed heir of all things, and through whom He made the universe.

3The Son is the radiance of God’s glory and the exact representation of His nature, upholding all things by His powerful word. After He had provided purification for sins, He sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high.

4So He became as far superior to the angels as the name He has inherited is excellent beyond theirs.

5For to which of the angels did God ever say: “You are My Son; today I have become Your Father”? Or again: “I will be His Father, and He will be My Son”?

6And again, when God brings His firstborn into the world, He says: “Let all God’s angels worship Him.”

7Now about the angels He says: “He makes His angels winds, His servants flames of fire.”

8But about the Son He says: “Your throne, O God, endures forever and ever, and justice is the scepter of Your kingdom.

9You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness; therefore God, Your God, has anointed You above Your companions with the oil of joy.”

10And: “In the beginning, O Lord, You laid the foundations of the earth, and the heavens are the work of Your hands.

11They will perish, but You remain; they will all wear out like a garment.

12You will roll them up like a robe; like a garment they will be changed; but You remain the same, and Your years will never end.”

13Yet to which of the angels did God ever say: “Sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet”?

14Are not the angels ministering spirits sent to serve those who will inherit salvation?

Who leans on it

Athanasius on the trinityPRIMARY SOURCEAFFIRMS°The Son is not a creature but an offspring proper to the Father's essence, eternally begotten. His signature argument is that Scripture uses "before," "once," and "when" of creatures and never of the Word, so the Arian "…Calvin on the trinityPRIMARY SOURCEAFFIRMS°One simple essence in three subsistences. Calvin defines a person as "a subsistence in the Divine essence,—a subsistence which, while related to the other two, is distinguished from them by incommunicable properties" (In…Jonathan Edwards on the trinityPRIMARY SOURCEAFFIRMS°Christ is God by nature and not by delegation, equal to the Father in every perfection, and his generation from the Father is "natural and necessary, and not arbitrary" rather than a dependence on the Father's will. Edwa…Jonathan Edwards on the person of christPRIMARY SOURCEAFFIRMS°The whole of "The Excellency of Christ" runs on one person holding two natures without either being diminished: Christ prays with reverence "as one who had taken on him the human nature" while "at the same time he existe…Second London Baptist Confession on continuation of spiritual giftsDISPUTED READINGNOT FRAMEDThis is blank of the third kind — never framed in these terms. The confession closes revelation without ever ruling on the gifts: 1.1 says the former ways by which God revealed his will have ceased, which is why Scriptur…R.C. Sproul on the trinityPRIMARY SOURCEAFFIRMS°States the historic formula with precision: one essence (ousia), three subsistences (hypostases) — Father, Son, and Spirit each fully God without being each other. Grounds it in Hebrews' description of the Son as "the br…Westminster Confession on continuation of spiritual giftsDISPUTED READINGNOT FRAMEDThis is blank of the third kind - never framed in these terms - and the blank is worth more than a stance would be. WCF 1.1 says the former ways of God's revealing his will are 'now ceased', 1.6 forbids adding to Scriptu…