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Examined Doctrine
PASSAGE · BSB

Matthew 25

12 positions in the corpus lean on this chapter. Cited verses are marked.

1“At that time the kingdom of heaven will be like ten virgins who took their lamps and went out to meet the bridegroom.

2Five of them were foolish, and five were wise.

3The foolish ones took their lamps but did not take along any extra oil.

4But the wise ones took oil in flasks along with their lamps.

5When the bridegroom was delayed, they all became drowsy and fell asleep.

6At midnight the cry rang out: ‘Here is the bridegroom! Come out to meet him!’

7Then all the virgins woke up and trimmed their lamps.

8The foolish ones said to the wise, ‘Give us some of your oil; our lamps are going out.’

9‘No,’ said the wise ones, ‘or there may not be enough for both us and you. Instead, go to those who sell oil and buy some for yourselves.’

10But while they were on their way to buy it, the bridegroom arrived. Those who were ready went in with him to the wedding banquet, and the door was shut.

11Later the other virgins arrived and said, ‘Lord, lord, open the door for us!’

12But he replied, ‘Truly I tell you, I do not know you.’

13Therefore keep watch, because you do not know the day or the hour.

14For it is just like a man going on a journey, who called his servants and entrusted them with his possessions.

15To one he gave five talents, to another two talents, and to another one talent—each according to his own ability. And he went on his journey.

16The servant who had received the five talents went at once and put them to work and gained five more.

17Likewise, the one with the two talents gained two more.

18But the servant who had received the one talent went off, dug a hole in the ground, and hid his master’s money.

19After a long time the master of those servants returned to settle accounts with them.

20The servant who had received the five talents came and presented five more. ‘Master,’ he said, ‘you entrusted me with five talents. See, I have gained five more.’

21His master replied, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant! You have been faithful with a few things; I will put you in charge of many things. Enter into the joy of your master!’

22The servant who had received the two talents also came and said, ‘Master, you entrusted me with two talents. See, I have gained two more.’

23His master replied, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant! You have been faithful with a few things; I will put you in charge of many things. Enter into the joy of your master!’

24Finally, the servant who had received the one talent came and said, ‘Master, I knew that you are a hard man, reaping where you have not sown and gathering where you have not scattered seed.

25So I was afraid and went out and hid your talent in the ground. See, you have what belongs to you.’

26‘You wicked, lazy servant!’ replied his master. ‘You knew that I reap where I have not sown and gather where I have not scattered seed.

27Then you should have deposited my money with the bankers, and on my return I would have received it back with interest.

28Therefore take the talent from him and give it to the one who has ten talents.

29For everyone who has will be given more, and he will have an abundance. But the one who does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him.

30And throw that worthless servant into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’

31When the Son of Man comes in His glory, and all the angels with Him, He will sit on His glorious throne.

32All the nations will be gathered before Him, and He will separate the people one from another, as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats.

33He will place the sheep on His right and the goats on His left.

34Then the King will say to those on His right, ‘Come, you who are blessed by My Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.

35For I was hungry and you gave Me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave Me something to drink, I was a stranger and you took Me in,

36I was naked and you clothed Me, I was sick and you looked after Me, I was in prison and you visited Me.’

37Then the righteous will answer Him, ‘Lord, when did we see You hungry and feed You, or thirsty and give You something to drink?

38When did we see You a stranger and take You in, or naked and clothe You?

39When did we see You sick or in prison and visit You?’

40And the King will reply, ‘Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers of Mine, you did for Me.’

41Then He will say to those on His left, ‘Depart from Me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.

42For I was hungry and you gave Me nothing to eat, I was thirsty and you gave Me nothing to drink,

43I was a stranger and you did not take Me in, I was naked and you did not clothe Me, I was sick and in prison and you did not visit Me.’

44And they too will reply, ‘Lord, when did we see You hungry or thirsty or a stranger or naked or sick or in prison, and did not minister to You?’

45Then the King will answer, ‘Truly I tell you, whatever you did not do for one of the least of these, you did not do for Me.’

46And they will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.”

Who leans on it

Aquinas on the final state of the lostSTANDARD ACCOUNTAFFIRMS°Eternal conscious punishment.Augustine on the final state of the lostPRIMARY SOURCELEANS°Eternal conscious punishment for the wicked, argued at length against those who denied punishment could really be eternal — life and death are pictured as equally without end. But punishment is not uniform: Augustine sta…Voddie Baucham on the final state of the lostSTANDARD ACCOUNTAFFIRMS°Eternal conscious punishment.M. Heiser on the final state of the lostPRIMARY SOURCEHELD OPEN°Holds eternal conscious punishment and annihilation both open, with a stated lean toward annihilation on the ground that it is hard to see how death itself could be destroyed and yet continue. What he affirms without qua…Josh Howerton on the final state of the lostPRIMARY SOURCEAFFIRMS°Eternal conscious punishment. Annihilationism, universalism, and purgatory are each named and rejected. Distinguishes the intermediate state (Abraham's bosom and Hades in Luke 16) from the final lake of fire, and reads t…Tim Keller on the final state of the lostDISPUTED READINGCONTESTED°Affirmed the reality of hell and wrote in defense of it, while framing it in terms of freely chosen self-exclusion from God — a presentation some critics judged to soften the traditional account.Second London Baptist Confession on the final state of the lostPRIMARY SOURCEAFFIRMS°Chapter 32.2 sends the wicked into eternal torments and everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord, set in deliberate parallel with the eternal life of the righteous. Chapter 31.1 has the intermediate state as…Luther on the final state of the lostPRIMARY SOURCEAFFIRMS°Those outside Christ remain under wrath permanently. Luther's statement comes not from an eschatology chapter but from the Creed: everyone who does not have Christ, however monotheistic, 'abides in eternal wrath and damn…John MacArthur on the final state of the lostPRIMARY SOURCEAFFIRMS°Eternal conscious punishment in the lake of fire, following a physical, bodily resurrection of the unsaved specifically for judgment.John Owen on the final state of the lostPRIMARY SOURCEAFFIRMS°Eternal conscious punishment, stated flatly and without softening. The curse of God on the fallen includes "eternal damnation hereafter" of body and soul in hell, and when the catechism asks directly what becomes of thos…John Piper on the final state of the lostSTANDARD ACCOUNTAFFIRMS°Eternal conscious punishment.Westminster Confession on the final state of the lostPRIMARY SOURCEAFFIRMS°WCF 33.2 states eternal conscious punishment in the Confession's own words and pairs it with the eternal life of the righteous in the same sentence, so the two destinies are given the same duration. WCF 32.1 has already …