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Examined Doctrine

Martin Luther on Canon of the Old Testament

1483 – 1546 · LUTHERAN
READ IN A PRIMARY SOURCEAFFIRMS°
STANCE

66 books — Apocrypha useful but not Scripture

These books are not held to be equal to Holy Scripture, but they are useful and good to read.
Apocrypha section title page, Luther's German Bible (Wittenberg: Hans Lufft, 1534), trans. Ralph W. Klein ↗

THE POSITION

Luther pulled the deuterocanonical books out of their Vulgate positions, gathered them between the Testaments, and gave the section its own title page stating what they are and are not. He does not suppress them — they are printed, and he commends reading them — but the heading denies them parity with Scripture, which is the whole of the question this locus asks.

13 OTHERS HOLD THIS

AthanasiusCalvinJonathan EdwardsThe Church of Eleven22 Statement of FaithJosh HowertonSecond London Baptist ConfessionJohn MacArthurGavin OrtlundJohn OwenJustin PetersR.C. SproulWestminster ConfessionZwingli
Wider canon — deuterocanonical books includedAQUINAS · AUGUSTINE
Predates or straddles the settled disputeCHRYSOSTOM · IRENAEUS
See all 21 figures on canon of the old testament →

ABOUT THIS FIGURE

Augustinian friar whose protest over indulgences opened the Reformation, and the theologian for whom justification by faith and the bondage of the will are the whole of the gospel. This entry rests on his own writings only — The Bondage of the Will (1525), the Smalcald Articles (1537), the Large and Small Catechisms (1529), Concerning Christian Liberty (1520), the Heidelberg Disputation (1518), the Church Postil and his biblical prefaces — and deliberately excludes the Augsburg Confession and the Formula of Concord, which are not his.

17 OF 18 POSITIONS QUOTED
Everything Luther holds →
Cite this page

"Martin Luther on Canon of the Old Testament", Examined Doctrine, July 2026 edition, https://examineddoctrine.com/position/luther/ot-canon (archived at https://examineddoctrine.com/editions/2026-07/position/luther/ot-canon).

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