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Examined Doctrine

John Duns Scotus on Divine plurality & the unseen realm

C. 1266 – 1308 · SCHOLASTIC
STANDARD SCHOLARLY ACCOUNTQUESTION NOT FRAMED°
STANCE

Never posed as a question in these terms

THE POSITION

Not framed. The divine-council question belongs to a much later reading of the Hebrew Bible and does not arise in his work.

WHY THERE IS NO QUOTATIONNo quotations. Scotus died in 1308 and the Latin is public domain, but the usable English translations are modern and in copyright, so these positions are paraphrased from standard scholarly accounts rather than reproduced.

5 OTHERS HOLD THIS

ChrysostomSecond London Baptist ConfessionLutherWilliam of OckhamWestminster Confession
Real created spiritual beings, ranked under Yahweh and holding delegated ruleJONATHAN EDWARDS · M. HEISER
Human judges or rulers addressed as gods by office, not by natureCALVIN
See all 15 figures on divine plurality & the unseen realm →

ABOUT THIS FIGURE

Franciscan, the Subtle Doctor. Argued for the univocity of being and for a will free in its own right rather than moved by the intellect's judgment — the point where the Franciscan schools part from Aquinas.

READ ACROSS 18 LOCI, NONE QUOTED
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"John Duns Scotus on Divine plurality & the unseen realm", Examined Doctrine, July 2026 edition, https://examineddoctrine.com/position/scotus/divine-plurality (archived at https://examineddoctrine.com/editions/2026-07/position/scotus/divine-plurality).

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