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Examined Doctrine

Jonathan Edwards on the final state of the lost

1703 – 1758 · REFORMED / CONGREGATIONALIST
READ IN A PRIMARY SOURCEAFFIRMS°
STANCE

Eternal conscious punishment

Eternal punishment is not eternal annihilation. Surely they will not be raised to life at the last day only to be annihilated.
Remarks on Important Theological Controversies, ch. II, "Concerning the Endless Punishment of Those Who Will Die Impenitent," sec. 1

THE POSITION

The punishment is eternal in the strictest sense, conscious, and of the same kind and duration as the devil's — Revelation 20:10 "thus expressing both the kind of misery and the duration." He refutes the two alternatives separately. A scheme of long punishment ending in annihilation gains nothing, since on that reading the scriptural language would not measure duration at all. A scheme of purgative punishment ending in restoration "overthrows itself," because whatever reason requires a second long period requires a third, and so without end.

SCRIPTURE
MATTHEW 12:31-32 · BSB

31 Therefore I tell you, every sin and blasphemy will be forgiven men, but the blasphemy against the Spirit will not be forgiven. 32 Whoever speaks a word against the Son of Man will be forgiven, but whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit will not be forgiven, either in this age or in the one to come.

20 OTHERS HOLD THIS

AquinasJacobus ArminiusAthanasiusAugustineVoddie BauchamCalvinChrysostomThe Church of Eleven22 Statement of FaithJosh HowertonTim KellerSecond London Baptist ConfessionLutherJohn MacArthurPhilip MelanchthonJohn OwenJustin PetersJohn PiperR.C. SproulWestminster ConfessionZwingli
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ABOUT THIS FIGURE

New England pastor, revival theologian and philosopher of the First Great Awakening, dismissed from his Northampton pulpit in 1750 over who may come to the Lord's Table. This entry rests on Freedom of the Will (1754), Original Sin (1758), Religious Affections (1746), An Humble Inquiry (1749), Distinguishing Marks (1741), Some Thoughts on the Revival (1742), An Humble Attempt (1747) and A History of the Work of Redemption, read in the Hickman edition.

17 OF 18 POSITIONS QUOTED
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Cite this page

"Jonathan Edwards on the final state of the lost", Examined Doctrine, July 2026 edition, https://examineddoctrine.com/position/edwards/final-state (archived at https://examineddoctrine.com/editions/2026-07/position/edwards/final-state).

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