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Examined Doctrine

Tim Keller on Justification

1950 – 2023 · PRESBYTERIAN (PCA)
STANDARD SCHOLARLY ACCOUNTAFFIRMS°
STANCE

Forensic — righteousness imputed, not infused

THE POSITION

Forensic imputation, and characteristically pressed as the answer to both moralism and irreligion — the elder-brother and younger-brother problem in Luke 15.

WHY THERE IS NO QUOTATIONOne quotation, on spiritual-warfare, taken from a machine transcript of a freely published 1992 sermon, and copyright is not what is stopping the rest. Nine of the other ten loci have had no primary-source pass at all. The tenth, scripture-authority, had one that read three freely published pieces in full and kept no excerpt from them — so what is missing there is a retained sentence, not permission. The books are in copyright, but he preached and published free for decades, and this map quotes MacArthur, Heiser and Sproul at length, all modern authors in copyright.

SCRIPTURE
ROMANS 4:5 · BSB

5 However, to the one who does not work, but believes in Him who justifies the wicked, his faith is credited as righteousness.

20 OTHERS HOLD THIS

Jacobus ArminiusCalvinJonathan EdwardsThe Church of Eleven22 Statement of FaithBilly GrahamJosh HowertonSecond London Baptist ConfessionLutherJohn MacArthurPhilip MelanchthonGavin OrtlundJohn OwenJustin PetersJohn PiperR.C. SproulCharles Haddon SpurgeonWesleyWestminster ConfessionGeorge WhitefieldZwingli
Includes being made righteous, not only declaredAUGUSTINE · CHRYSOSTOM
By infused grace, mediated sacramentallyAQUINAS · WILLIAM OF OCKHAM · JOHN DUNS SCOTUS
See all 30 figures on justification →

ABOUT THIS FIGURE

Founding pastor of Redeemer Presbyterian, New York. Known for apologetics addressed to urban skeptics and for a notably winsome register.

1 OF 11 POSITIONS QUOTED
Everything Tim Keller holds →
Cite this page

"Tim Keller on Justification", Examined Doctrine, July 2026 edition, https://examineddoctrine.com/position/keller/justification (archived at https://examineddoctrine.com/editions/2026-07/position/keller/justification).

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