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Examined Doctrine

Martin Luther on Justification

1483 – 1546 · LUTHERAN
READ IN A PRIMARY SOURCEAFFIRMS°
STANCE

Forensic — righteousness imputed, not infused

Now, since it is necessary to believe this, and it cannot be otherwise acquired or apprehended by any work, law, or merit, it is clear and certain that this faith alone justifies us.
Smalcald Articles II.i.4 (Triglot, Bente & Dau trans.)

THE POSITION

Justification is by faith alone, on the ground of Christ's death and resurrection, and nothing may be conceded on it. Luther states it as the article on which everything else depends and from which nothing can be surrendered 'even though heaven and earth... should sink to ruin.' The righteousness is Christ's and is reckoned to the believer: in Concerning Christian Liberty he says the soul 'has in her Husband Christ a righteousness which she may claim as her own.'

SCRIPTURE
ROMANS 4:25 · BSB

25 He was delivered over to death for our trespasses and was raised to life for our justification.

18 OTHERS HOLD THIS

Jacobus ArminiusCalvinJonathan EdwardsThe Church of Eleven22 Statement of FaithJosh HowertonTim KellerSecond London Baptist ConfessionJohn MacArthurPhilip MelanchthonGavin OrtlundJohn OwenJustin PetersJohn PiperR.C. SproulCharles Haddon SpurgeonWesleyWestminster ConfessionZwingli
Includes being made righteous, not only declaredAUGUSTINE · CHRYSOSTOM
By infused grace, mediated sacramentallyAQUINAS
See all 25 figures on justification →

ABOUT THIS FIGURE

Augustinian friar whose protest over indulgences opened the Reformation, and the theologian for whom justification by faith and the bondage of the will are the whole of the gospel. This entry rests on his own writings only — The Bondage of the Will (1525), the Smalcald Articles (1537), the Large and Small Catechisms (1529), Concerning Christian Liberty (1520), the Heidelberg Disputation (1518), the Church Postil and his biblical prefaces — and deliberately excludes the Augsburg Confession and the Formula of Concord, which are not his.

17 OF 18 POSITIONS QUOTED
Everything Luther holds →
Cite this page

"Martin Luther on Justification", Examined Doctrine, July 2026 edition, https://examineddoctrine.com/position/luther/justification (archived at https://examineddoctrine.com/editions/2026-07/position/luther/justification).

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