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Examined Doctrine

Huldrych Zwingli on Original sin & the human will

1484 – 1531 · REFORMED
READ IN A PRIMARY SOURCEAFFIRMS°
STANCE

Will in bondage; needs sovereign grace to be freed

For this reason, I have said that the original contamination of man is a disease, not a sin, because sin implies guilt, and guilt comes from a transgression or trespass on the part of one who designedly perpetrates a deed.
Declaration Regarding Original Sin (1526), p. 5, Jackson & Hinke trans., The Latin Works of Huldreich Zwingli, vol. 2 (1922)

THE POSITION

The will is in bondage and cannot free itself — but Zwingli reaches that by a route no other Reformer took. He argues that original sin is not sin in the strict sense, because sin means guilt and guilt means a deed done knowingly, and no descendant of Adam ate the fruit. It is instead a disease and a condition: Adam was sentenced to slavery rather than death, and a slave begets slaves. The bondage is therefore inherited as a state, not imputed as guilt, and only the blood of Christ can cure it.

SCRIPTURE
ROMANS 7:17 · BSB

17 In that case, it is no longer I who do it, but it is sin living in me that does it.

17 OTHERS HOLD THIS

AugustineVoddie BauchamCalvinJonathan EdwardsThe Church of Eleven22 Statement of FaithM. HeiserJosh HowertonTim KellerSecond London Baptist ConfessionLutherJohn MacArthurJohn OwenJustin PetersJohn PiperR.C. SproulCharles Haddon SpurgeonWestminster Confession
Nature wounded but not destroyed; grace perfects itAQUINAS · ATHANASIUS · EPHESUS
Depraved, but prevenient grace restores ability to respondJACOBUS ARMINIUS · PHILIP MELANCHTHON · WESLEY
Free will substantially intact; God and man cooperateBASIL THE GREAT · CHRYSOSTOM · IRENAEUS
See all 27 figures on original sin & the human will →

ABOUT THIS FIGURE

Reformer of Zurich and the first Reformed theologian to leave a confession — the Sixty-Seven Articles of 1523 predate Augsburg by seven years. He pushed further than Luther on the Supper, which split the early Reformation at Marburg in 1529, further than anyone on the reach of election, and further than any other Reformer on who might finally be saved. This entry rests on the Sixty-Seven Articles (1523), the Declaration Regarding Original Sin (1526), the Fidei Ratio sent to Charles V (1530) and the Exposition of the Christian Faith written weeks before he died in battle — the last of these read only in its chapter on eternal life.

13 OF 18 POSITIONS QUOTED
Everything Zwingli holds →
Cite this page

"Huldrych Zwingli on Original sin & the human will", Examined Doctrine, July 2026 edition, https://examineddoctrine.com/position/zwingli/original-sin (archived at https://examineddoctrine.com/editions/2026-07/position/zwingli/original-sin).

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