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Examined Doctrine

Martin Luther on Original sin & the human will

1483 – 1546 · LUTHERAN
READ IN A PRIMARY SOURCEAFFIRMS°
STANCE

Will in bondage; needs sovereign grace to be freed

Thus the human will is, as it were, a beast between the two. If God sit thereon, it wills and goes where God will... If Satan sit thereon, it wills and goes as Satan will. Nor is it in the power of its own will to choose, to which rider it will run.
The Bondage of the Will, sec. 25 (Cole trans., rev. Vaughan/Atherton)

THE POSITION

The will is not neutral and cannot turn itself. Luther is careful about what he means: not compulsion but 'the necessity of immutability' — the unregenerate man sins willingly and cannot stop wanting to. Against the scholastics he denies that fallen man has 'a free will to do good and omit evil' or can 'love God above all things' by natural powers, and calls hereditary sin so deep a corruption of nature that reason cannot grasp it and it must be believed from Scripture.

SCRIPTURE
PSALM 73:22-23 · BSB

22 I was senseless and ignorant; I was a brute beast before You. 23 Yet I am always with You; You hold my right hand.

17 OTHERS HOLD THIS

AugustineVoddie BauchamCalvinJonathan EdwardsThe Church of Eleven22 Statement of FaithM. HeiserJosh HowertonTim KellerSecond London Baptist ConfessionJohn MacArthurJohn OwenJustin PetersJohn PiperR.C. SproulCharles Haddon SpurgeonWestminster ConfessionZwingli
Nature wounded but not destroyed; grace perfects itAQUINAS · ATHANASIUS · EPHESUS
Depraved, but prevenient grace restores ability to respondJACOBUS ARMINIUS · PHILIP MELANCHTHON · WESLEY
Free will substantially intact; God and man cooperateBASIL THE GREAT · CHRYSOSTOM · IRENAEUS
See all 27 figures on original sin & the human will →

ABOUT THIS FIGURE

Augustinian friar whose protest over indulgences opened the Reformation, and the theologian for whom justification by faith and the bondage of the will are the whole of the gospel. This entry rests on his own writings only — The Bondage of the Will (1525), the Smalcald Articles (1537), the Large and Small Catechisms (1529), Concerning Christian Liberty (1520), the Heidelberg Disputation (1518), the Church Postil and his biblical prefaces — and deliberately excludes the Augsburg Confession and the Formula of Concord, which are not his.

17 OF 18 POSITIONS QUOTED
Everything Luther holds →
Cite this page

"Martin Luther on Original sin & the human will", Examined Doctrine, July 2026 edition, https://examineddoctrine.com/position/luther/original-sin (archived at https://examineddoctrine.com/editions/2026-07/position/luther/original-sin).

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