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Examined Doctrine

Martin Luther on Authority of Scripture

1483 – 1546 · LUTHERAN
READ IN A PRIMARY SOURCEAFFIRMS°
STANCE

Scripture alone is the final, only infallible authority

The rule is: The Word of God shall establish articles of faith, and no one else, not even an angel.
Smalcald Articles II.ii.15 (Triglot, Bente & Dau trans.)

THE POSITION

Scripture alone establishes doctrine, over against both the Fathers and the papacy. Luther will discuss Augustine's opinions only after the abuses are gone, because 'it will not do to frame articles of faith from the works or words of the holy Fathers.' The rule he states in their place is absolute and admits no second source. He treats the papal claim to decide 'above and contrary to Scripture' as the same error as the radicals' claim to the Spirit without the Word.

SCRIPTURE
GALATIANS 1:8 · BSB

8 But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel contrary to the one we preached to you, let him be under a curse!

18 OTHERS HOLD THIS

Jacobus ArminiusVoddie BauchamCalvinJonathan EdwardsThe Church of Eleven22 Statement of FaithM. HeiserJosh HowertonSecond London Baptist ConfessionJohn MacArthurPhilip MelanchthonGavin OrtlundJohn OwenJustin PetersJohn PiperR.C. SproulWesleyWestminster ConfessionZwingli
Scripture with tradition and church teaching officeAQUINAS · BASIL THE GREAT · CHALCEDON · CHRYSOSTOM · CONSTANTINOPLE I · EPHESUS · NICAEA I
Scripture supreme, recognized and interpreted through the churchATHANASIUS · AUGUSTINE · IRENAEUS
See all 29 figures on authority of scripture →

ABOUT THIS FIGURE

Augustinian friar whose protest over indulgences opened the Reformation, and the theologian for whom justification by faith and the bondage of the will are the whole of the gospel. This entry rests on his own writings only — The Bondage of the Will (1525), the Smalcald Articles (1537), the Large and Small Catechisms (1529), Concerning Christian Liberty (1520), the Heidelberg Disputation (1518), the Church Postil and his biblical prefaces — and deliberately excludes the Augsburg Confession and the Formula of Concord, which are not his.

17 OF 18 POSITIONS QUOTED
Everything Luther holds →
Cite this page

"Martin Luther on Authority of Scripture", Examined Doctrine, July 2026 edition, https://examineddoctrine.com/position/luther/scripture-authority (archived at https://examineddoctrine.com/editions/2026-07/position/luther/scripture-authority).

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