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Examined Doctrine
Salvation

Indwelling of the Holy Spirit

When does the Holy Spirit come to dwell in a person?

10
3
5
1
At regenerationAt the moment of saving faithThrough baptismNo stance
19 FIGURES · 16 QUOTED · 1 WITHOUT A STANCE

At regeneration

At regeneration, which precedes and causes faith

Huldrych Zwingli1484 – 1531CONTESTED°DISPUTED READING❝ QUOTEDJohn Calvin1509 – 1564LEANS°PRIMARY SOURCE❝ QUOTEDJohn Owen1616 – 1683AFFIRMS°PRIMARY SOURCE❝ QUOTEDJonathan Edwards1703 – 1758AFFIRMS°PRIMARY SOURCE❝ QUOTEDSecond London Baptist Confession1689AFFIRMS°PRIMARY SOURCE❝ QUOTEDWestminster Confession1646LEANS°PRIMARY SOURCE❝ QUOTEDCharles Haddon Spurgeon1834 – 1892AFFIRMS°PRIMARY SOURCE❝ QUOTEDJohn MacArthur1939 – 2025AFFIRMS°STANDARD ACCOUNTJustin PeterslivingAFFIRMS°PRIMARY SOURCE❝ QUOTEDR.C. Sproul1939 – 2017AFFIRMS°PRIMARY SOURCE

At the moment of saving faith

At the moment of saving faith

Jacobus Arminius1560 – 1609AFFIRMS°PRIMARY SOURCE❝ QUOTEDPhilip Melanchthon1497 – 1560AFFIRMS°PRIMARY SOURCE❝ QUOTEDMichael S. Heiser1963 – 2023LEANS°PRIMARY SOURCE❝ QUOTED

Through baptism

Through baptism, as the ordinary means

Augustine of Hippo354 – 430AFFIRMS°PRIMARY SOURCE❝ QUOTEDJohn Chrysostomc.347 – 407AFFIRMS°PRIMARY SOURCE❝ QUOTEDThomas Aquinas1225 – 1274AFFIRMS°STANDARD ACCOUNT❝ QUOTEDMartin Luther1483 – 1546CONTESTED°DISPUTED READING❝ QUOTEDJohn Wesley1703 – 1791AFFIRMS°PRIMARY SOURCE❝ QUOTED

Figures who hold no stance here

These are not gaps in the table. Each group below says which kind of blank it is — searched and not found, held open on purpose, never framed in these terms, or deliberately unassigned because no stance fits.

NO POSITION FOUND1 FIGURE

Searched and not located. An honest gap in the corpus.

How to read a cell — sourcing tiers, blanks, and why some figures are never quoted
PRIMARY SOURCEread in a primary source
STANDARD ACCOUNTstandard scholarly account
DISPUTED READINGdisputed among scholars
NOT LOCATEDnot located in a source

A cell marked quoted carries the figure's own words — 285 of 402of them, about 71%. Where there is no quotation the claim is still sourced, and the tier says how far. 4 figures carry no quotation at all, for reasons that differ: a living author cannot be quoted at length under copyright where Calvin can, and a figure at the standard account tier has simply had no primary-source pass yet. 4 of them state their own reason on their page.

A state label ending in ° was read from the stance, tier and note rather than stated by the corpus. See themethodology.